How to explain autism to kids

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that influences how individuals perceive, interact with, and experience the world. Explaining autism to children is a valuable opportunity to foster understanding, empathy, and inclusivity from a young age. Here’s a detailed guide to help you explain autism to kids in a way that is age-appropriate, respectful, and enlightening.

Understanding Autism

Start by explaining that autism is a way some people’s brains work differently. Emphasize that these differences make people unique. Autism can affect how someone communicates, learns, or interacts with others, but it also comes with strengths, such as creativity or a deep focus on specific interests.

For example, you can say:

• “Some people with autism might prefer quiet places because loud sounds can bother them.”
• “They might have special interests, like knowing everything about dinosaurs or trains.”

Make it clear that everyone is different, and autism is just one of many ways people can think and experience life.

Use Positive and Inclusive Language

Words shape perceptions, so using respectful language is crucial. Explain to kids that autism is not an illness or something “wrong”; instead, it’s a different way of thinking and feeling. Some people prefer to be called “autistic,” while others prefer “a person with autism.” Encourage kids to ask what language someone prefers to show respect.

Avoid terms like “high-functioning” or “low-functioning,” as these can minimize or misrepresent individual experiences. Instead, highlight that everyone has different needs and strengths.

Tailor the Explanation to Their Age

For Younger Kids (3-7 years old):

Use simple language and relatable examples. You might say:

• “Autism means their brain works in its own special way.”
• “Sometimes they might like to play differently or need more quiet time, and that’s okay!”

Books, videos, and toys that depict diversity can also help children grasp the concept.

For Older Kids (8-12 years old):

Go into more detail. Explain that autism can affect senses, communication, and behavior. Highlight that everyone has challenges and talents, and autism is just another example of this diversity. You could say:

• “Autistic people might find it harder to talk, but they might be amazing at solving puzzles or remembering details.”

For Teens (13+ years old):

Discuss neurodiversity and how autism fits into this concept. Explain that society benefits from different perspectives and that inclusion helps everyone thrive. Use examples of famous autistic individuals, like Greta Thunberg, to show that autism is not a limitation but a different lens on the world.

Encourage Empathy and Acceptance

Teach children to embrace differences by drawing parallels to their own lives. For instance, explain that just as they might need help with math or feel shy in new situations, autistic people may need help with communication or prefer specific routines.

Role-playing activities can also help kids understand how autistic peers might feel. For example, simulate a scenario where sensory overload occurs, like being in a noisy room, to build empathy.

Answer Questions Honestly

Kids are naturally curious and may ask questions like:

• “Why do they talk differently?”
• “Can I catch autism?”

Answer directly and honestly:

• “Autism is not something you can catch. It’s just how their brain is made.”
• “They might  talk or act differently because that’s how they feel comfortable.”

Reinforce the idea that differences are normal and valuable.

Provide Resources and Support

Books, videos, and educational tools can make the concept of autism more tangible. Some examples include:

• Children’s Books: “All My Stripes” by Shaina Rudolph and Danielle Royer.
• Videos: Short animations that depict life from the perspective of an autistic child.

These resources can make learning engaging and interactive.

Foster a Culture of Inclusion

Model inclusive behavior yourself. Encourage your child to invite their autistic peers to activities, be patient, and celebrate small victories. By practicing kindness and acceptance, kids learn to value diversity.

The Importance of Early Conversations

Discussing autism early helps break down stereotypes and build an inclusive mindset. Autistic self-advocates often emphasize that these conversations should happen naturally and without stigma. Making autism a normal topic of discussion reduces fear or misunderstandings.

Conclusion

Explaining autism to kids is a step toward creating a more empathetic and inclusive society. By using age-appropriate language, promoting acceptance, and encouraging curiosity, you help children appreciate the beauty of diversity. Every child deserves to feel valued, understood, and included—and by fostering these principles, you’re shaping a better world for all.